The Maunder minimum and the Little Ice Age: an update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations
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The minimal solar activity in 2008–2009 and its implications for long‐term climate modeling
[1] Variations in the total solar irradiance (TSI) associated with solar activity have been argued to influence the Earth’s climate system, in particular when solar activity deviates from the average for a substantial period. One such example is the 17th Century Maunder Minimum during which sunspot numbers were extremely low, as Earth experienced the Little Ice Age. Estimation of the TSI during...
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[1] The current exceptionally long minimum of solar activity has led to the suggestion that the Sun might experience a new grand minimum in the next decades, a prolonged period of low activity similar to the Maunder minimum in the late 17th century. The Maunder minimum is connected to the Little Ice Age, a time of markedly lower temperatures, in particular in the Northern hemisphere. Here we us...
متن کاملDimming of the 17th
Reconstructions of total solar irradiance (TSI) rely mainly on linear relations between TSI variation and indices of facular area. When these are extrapolated to the prolonged 15th–17th century Spörer and Maunder solar activity minima, the estimated solar dimming is insufficient to explain the mid-millennial climate cooling of the Little Ice Age. We draw attention here to evidence that the rela...
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“Solar Activity” is a rather vague term. Thanks to cosmogenic isotopes we have some “visions” of “solar activity” in recent millennia (Usoskin, 2013). The most striking of these “visions” of solar activity is that the Sun may be in a “normal” state, or in two states named grand solar maximum or minimum (Usoskin et al., 2014). Obviously, we think that if the Sun is in a state of grand maximum (m...
متن کاملSeparating forced from chaotic climate variability over the past millennium
Reconstructions of past climate show notable temperature variability over the past millennium, with relatively warm conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and a relatively cold Little Ice Age (LIA). Multimodel simulations of the past millennium are used together with a wide range of reconstructions of Northern Hemispheric mean annual temperature to separate climate variability fro...
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تاریخ انتشار 2018